Sorting produce into predefined grades.
In the last 10 minutes before your exam, revise only these four pillars: agricultural marketing notes grade 12 best
Centralized physical locations where farmers bring their perishable goods to sell to wholesalers, retailers, and consumers through agents or auctions. 5. The Agricultural Marketing Mix (The 4 Ps) Sorting produce into predefined grades
Higher market prices encourage farmers to produce and sell more. The Agricultural Marketing Mix (The 4 Ps) Higher
Limited capital, poor infrastructure, water scarcity.
High efficiency, rewards innovation, broad consumer choice.
| Problem | Details | Solution (Government Policy) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | Small farms produce little, cannot bargain. | Cooperatives (Amul model) | | Multiple Middlemen | High commission (arhtiya charges). | Direct marketing (e-NAM) | | Lack of Storage | 10% of produce wasted (potatoes, onions rot). | Setting up godowns; Warehouse Receipts | | Distress Sale | Farmer needs cash immediately after harvest; sells cheap. | Minimum Support Price (MSP) | | Poor Transport | Kutcha roads damage perishable goods. | Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana |